从贤臣到圣人:周公形象在先秦典籍中的建构与演变
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李思滢
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鲁东大学，山东烟台，264000
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摘要：周公作为周初关键政治人物，其形象在先秦典籍中经历了层累式建构与系统性演变。西周时期的青铜器铭文与早期史官文献，将其塑造为定乱安邦、建制立规的实干贤臣；春秋以降，随着礼乐秩序松动与诸子思潮兴起，周公形象被逐步赋予道德属性，成为兼具政治智慧与伦理典范的理想臣子；战国时期，儒家学派进一步升华其地位，通过对其事迹的阐释与重构，使周公完成从贤臣到圣人的身份跃迁，成为衔接上古圣王与孔孟之道的文化符号。本文以先秦不同阶段的核心典籍为研究对象，结合出土文献（青铜器铭文、清华简等）与传世文献互证，梳理周公形象演变的脉络与阶段特征，剖析形象建构背后的政治需求、思想潮流与文献书写策略，揭示周公形象从历史人物向文化图腾转化的内在逻辑。
关健词：周公；先秦典籍；形象建构；圣人化；礼乐制度
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From a virtuous minister to a sage: The construction and evolution of the image of Duke Zhou in pre—Qin classics
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Siying Li
Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong, 264000, China
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Abstract：As a pivotal political figure in the early Zhou Dynasty, the image of Duke of Zhou underwent a layered construction and systematic evolution in the pre-Qin classics. Bronze inscriptions and early historiographer documents from the Western Zhou period portray him as a practical and virtuous minister who stabilized the country and established institutions and regulations. From the Spring and Autumn period onwards, with the loosening of ritual and musical order and the rise of various philosophical trends, the image of Duke of Zhou was gradually endowed with moral attributes, becoming an ideal minister who combines political wisdom and ethical norms. During the Warring States period, the Confucian school further elevated his status, interpreting and reconstructing his deeds to facilitate Duke of Zhou's transition from a virtuous minister to a sage, thus becoming a cultural symbol that bridges the ancient sage-kings and the teachings of Confucius and Mencius. This paper takes core classics from different stages of the pre-Qin period as the research object, combining unearthed documents (bronze inscriptions, Qinghua bamboo slips, etc.) with extant documents for cross-validation. It sorts out the evolution trajectory and stage characteristics of Duke of Zhou's image, analyzes the political needs, ideological trends, and literary writing strategies behind the image construc
tion, and reveals the inherent logic of Duke of Zhou's image transformation from a historical figure to a cultural totem.
Keywords : Duke of Zhou; Pre-Qin Classics; Image Construction; Sainthood;Ritual and Music System
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